What I have learned - I have learned about cell membranes and how they function differently then a cell wall. The cell membrane allows for transportation of substances across the boundary where cell walls don't. There are three types of ways that substances can move through the membrane, either with a selectively permeable membrane which allows substances to pass easily, a passive transport where no energy is need to pass through the membrane or a facilitated diffusion where the substance are not all allowed to move through.
What I have found difficult - I don't quite understand osmosis in relation to water and being hypertonic or hypotonic. I am unable to understand the diffusion of water to really understand the way it works.
How does structure relate to function? - The structure of the a membrane allows for the membrane to carry out certain functions. If the protein was not embedded in the membrane the membrane wouldn't have the signals it needed to make sure the function of the membrane is properly working.